1. The flexibility of film allows the
artist __________ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
(A)
to bring
(B)
bringing
(C)
is brought
(D) brings
答案：A
测试点：不定式。
分析：allow+sb．十不定式为固定结构。4个答案中只有(A)to bring是不定式。
2.
Traditionally, __________in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
(A)
when served is sweet cider
(B)
when sweet cider is served
(C)
is served sweet cider
(D)
sweet cider is served
答案：D
测试点：主谓结构。
分析：原句主、谓俱缺，应选一完整的主语+谓语的结构，即(D)。(A)、(C)不通，(B)则是从句，不适合此句。
3.
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________, or pronghorn.
(A)
it is the American antelope
(B)
the American antelope is
(C)
is the American antelope
(D)
the American antelope
答案：C
测试点：倒装句。
分析：Typical of放在句首的句子，要用倒装句。Typical of…短语是表语，应在答案中选择“系动词+主语”的结构，即(C)。
解题要点：遇倒装句在4个答案中寻找以系动词 (be)开始的结构。
4. Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse
and __________, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.
(A)
reforming society
(B)
social reformer
(C)
who reformed society
(D) her
social reform
答案：B
测试点：并列结构。
分析：本句and前后都应是说明身份的名词性成份，故应选 (B) social reformer与nurse并列。(A)为动词性的分词词组；(C)是从句；(D)虽是名词性的，但不说明身份。
5. Copper sulfate, spread in judicious
amounts, kills algae __________ harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
(A)
does not
(B) but
does no
(C)
except
(D)
without
答案：D
测试点：介词。
分析：空格后的harming是动名词，前面应加介词，故选(D)。(A)是谓语动词的否定式，而farming不是谓语动词：(B)可以说does no
harm (to)，但不能说does no harming；(C)虽为介词，但意思不对。
6. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet
in 1986, how many people __________long enough to see it return in the
twenty-first century.
(A)
will they live
(B)
they will be living
(C)
will live
(D)
living
答案：C
测试点：谓语。
分析：这句话有主语但缺少谓语动词，所以选择能作谓语的(C)。(A)、(B)结构是错误的，而且都重复了主语they；(D)不是谓语动词形式。
7. __________that fear, happiness,
sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
(A)
Anthropologists have discovered
(B)
Anthropologists discovering
(C)
The discovery by anthropologists
(D)
Discovered by anthropologists
答案：A
测试点：复合句。
分析：空格后紧接that时，前一定是主句。故要在4个答案中选主谓语完整的结构即(A)。其余3个答案都无谓语动词。
解题要点：连接词that在TOEFL结构题中是至关重要的提示符号。它表明此句是复合句，故that前后均应是主谓完整的句子，即主句和从句。
8.In 1964__________of Henry Ossawa
Tanner’s paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
(A)
was a major collection
(B)
that a major collection
(C) a
collection was major
(D) a
major collection
答案：D
测试点：主语。
分析：此句缺少主语。答案中只有(D)是名词结构，能够充当主语。
9. __________irritating effect on
humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely
discontinued.
(A)
Its
(B)
Where its
(C)
Since its
(D)
Because of its
答案：D
测试点：介词短语。
分析：逗号后为一完整的句子，则逗号前只有两种可能；短语或从句。4个答案中无一有谓语动词，故正确答案只可能是短语。因此，选择(D)。Because of为介词短语。(C)since作介词时是“自从”的意思，如表示“因为”则是连词。
10.In order to remain in
existence,__________must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider
useful or desirable.
(A) a
profit-making organization
(B) a
profit-making organization which
(C)
therefore a profit-making organization
(D)
whichever a profit-making organization
答案：A
测试点：主语。
分析：助动词must前一定是主语。应选择名词性结构作主语，即(A)。
11.The greater the population there is
in a locality,__________for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(A)
the greater the need there is
(B)
greater need
(C)
is there great need
(D)
the great need
答案：A
测试点：并列的比较级句型。
分析：(the十比较级…the+比较级)看到句首The greater,就要开始从答案中寻找相同句型的比较级结构。(A)同样以the greater开头，其后结构亦相同，故选(A)。(B)缺the；(C)及(D)均未用比较级。
解题要点："the十比较级…the+比较级”结构是TOEFL常考题型，其前后两个比较级句型应结构对等。
12. A historical novel may do more than
mirror history; __________future events.
(A)
even influencing
(B)
it may even influence
(C)
may even influence
(D)
that it may even influence
答案：B
测试点：分号结构。
分析：分号的作用相当于句号，分号前后都应是完整的句子，故选 (B)。(A)不是句子；(C)无主语；(D)是从句。
13.
__________a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic
talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A)
Has been
(B)
It was while
(C)
She was
(D)
As
答案：D
测试点：介词。
分析：As a child是一介词短语，作状语，后面是完整的句子。
14. It is widely believed that the pull
of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________round shape into a teardrop
shape.
(A)
of the drop
(B)
the drop’s
(C)
drop of
(D)
drops their
答案：B
测试点：定语。
分析：Round shape前缺限制它的定语，故选名词所有格(B)the drop's。另，注意change为及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无须再加任何介词，故排除(A)。
15.__________modern offices becoming
more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less
severe interiors.
(A)
If
(B)
But
(C)
With
(D)
Once
答案：C
测试点：介词。
分析：modern offices becoming more mechanized是动名词，做介词with的宾语。(A)、(B)为连词，后接从句；(D)为连词时意为“一旦”，作副词时则是“曾经”，“一度”的意思。
16. Not woman held a presidential
cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances
Perkins became secretary of labor.
答案：A
测试点：否定词。
分析：no，not以及none这三个否定词的用法，常在题中故意混淆。副词not不能修饰名词woman，此外应用形容词no。
解题要点：no或not出现在TOEFL改错题中，应首先考虑其是否正确。
17. The human body relies
on certainty nutrients for its survival.
答案：C
测试点：词性。
分析：此处修饰名词nutrients要用形容词certain，不用名词certainty.
18. Too much electric current may
flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and
of an outside event such as lightning.
答案：D
测试点：连词短语
分析：either…or…的用法。看到either这个词，要注意寻找其后是否有相应的or。and应为or。
解题要点；either…or，neither…nor, both…and等连词习语为TOEFL常考题型，注意其前后搭配。
19. The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately
2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous
marked footpath in the world.
答案：C
测试点：最高级。
分析：形容词或副词前有the，后有in the
world等表示范围—类的短语，应当用最高级形式。此处longer应为longest。
解题要点；当TOEFL改错题中出现划线的形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式时，应注意其用法是否正确。
20. For years, elephants were hunted
for food and ivory, and as a result theirs numbers have been greatly
reduced.
答案：B
测试点：词性。
分析：numbers为名词，前面要用形容词性的代词their。theirs为名词性质。
21. Barges which carrier most of
the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing.
答案：A
测试点：词性。
分析：carrier是名词，而此处需要谓语动词。应为carries。
解题要点：名词后缀-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出现在TOEFL改错题中，应引起特别注意。
22. Although afflicted by serious
eyesight problems, Alicia Alonso was one the principal stars of the
American Ballet Theater and later formed her own dance company.
答案：C
测试点：习语。
分析：One of the+复数名词／名词词级是固定说法，此处缺of.
23. The ritual combat of animals
are triggered by precise signals.
答案：B
测试点：主谓数的一致。
分析：主语是单数的combat,系动词要用心
解题要点：介词短语of animals是名词combat的定语，这类以of引接的定语后置结构要特别注意主谓的数是否一致。
24. It is more difficult to write
simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague
expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
答案：B
测试点：并列结构／词性。
分析：and的前后部分应同词性、同性质，此处应用副词effectively与and前的simply和directly并列，不用形容词effective。
25. Different species of
octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty
feet in long.
答案：D
测试点：词性
分析：表示“在长度方面”固定的说法是in length，不用long。从词性考虑，介词诅后要加名词(1ength),不能加形容词(1ong)。
解题要点；TOEFL考题中表示长(1ong，length),高(high，height),深(deep，depth)等词的名词及其形容词形式常常混淆。
26. According to some theories derived
from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and mo re pleasant
when inhibitions overcoming.
答案：D
测试点：词形。
分析：inhibitions前有连接词when，说明其后应为主谓完整的从句。overcoming不是谓语动词的形式，应为are overcome。
27. When rainbows appear, they
are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the
Sun.
答案：D
测试点：词序。
分析：介词和它的宾语之间不要加入副词。此处副词directly应在介词opposite之前。
28.
Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited
raising 10,000 volunteers for the American Revolutionary War.
答案：C
测试点：习语。
分析：Be credited with是固定短语，表示“被认为取得某种成就”。
29. The begins of the modern chemistry
laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval lchemists.
答案：A
测试点：词性。
分析：此处要求名词作主语，而begins则是动词形式。应为beginnings.
30.
In many pieces of music there is a dominant theme on which the restful
of the composition is centered.
答案：C
测试点：习语／词性。
分析：The rest of是固定短语。从词性的角度来分析，冠词the后面应接名词。
31. Luminescence refers to the emission
of light by means another than heat.
答案：C
测试点：other和another的用法。
分析：遇有划线的another或other要加以注意，这两个词常被相互错用。此处应为other。Other than是固定说法，表示“除了，不同于”。
32.In
a representative democracy, the people election delegates
to an assembly.
答案：C 测试点：词性。
分析：此处需一动词作谓语，而election是名词。解题要点；参见本套考题的第(21)题。
33.George Washington Carver found hundred
of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated
the cultivation of these crops.
答案：A
测试点：习语。
分析：表示不确定数目的短语，如hundreds
of，thousands of，millions of等，均用复数。
34. A citadel, a fortress designed
for the defense of a city, usually standed on top of a
hill.
答案：D
测试点：不规则动词的词形变化。
分析：这类考题数量虽不多，但考的是最基本的知识，不应做错。stand的过去式是stood，standed是个错字。解题要点；stand-stood·stood及begin-began-begun等不规则动词变化形式要记牢。
35. Conservative philosophers argue that
the very structure of society is threatening by civil disobedience, while
humanists stress the primacy of the individual conscience.
答案：B
测试点：被动语态。
分析：系动词 (be)和介词by同时出现是被动语态的信号，它们之间的动词要用过去分词。此处threatening应为threatened.
36. Since
1971 the regional corporations set up in Alaska by Congress
managing everything from fishing to banking.
答案：C
测试点：词形。
分析：此处需要谓语动词形式have managed。句中set up为过去分词短语，修饰前面的名词主语corporations。另外注意 (D)banking为名词，意为“银行业”。
37. A rocket burns propellant
rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a
few seconds.
答案：D
测试点：主谓数的一致。
分析：that为从句主语，后接动词作其谓语。而that代指单数的a supply故其谓语也应用单数形式的lasts。
38. Textile
art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities.
答案：C
测试点：词性/并列结构。
分析：连词and要求它两边是同词性、同性质的成份。此处and一边是形容词tactile，另一边应当也是形容词visional，不用名词vision。
39.
The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in
the nineteenth century.
答案：B
测试点：时态。
分析：若句中有表示具体时间的状语，如in the nineteenth century等，则不能用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。此处has been为was。
40. Gulls can often be see swooping over large bodies of water.
答案：B
测试点：词形/被动语态。
分析：系动词be后不能加动词原形，此处应以be+过去分词表示被动。see应为seen。
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