1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.
(A) A
(B)
It is a
(C)
Although a
(D)
There is a
答案：A
测试点：冠词.
分析：ratchet (棘轮机构)是名词，名词前应加冠词，故选(A).
2.
Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a
politician.
(A)
such
(B)
more
(C)
as
(D)
than
答案：C
测试点：介词.
分析：”作为政治家“要说as a
politician，故选(C)．前文as an architect可作为线索．动词rival (比得上，相比)在词意上也决定了前后两部分应相同结构.
3.
The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate
and soil.
(A)
it grows
(B)
what grows
(C)
does it grow
(D)
what does it grow
答案：B
测试点：what引导的名词从句。
分析：depend on后接名词性的成份。答案中(B)是名词从句，做介词on的宾语．(A)是主谓结构但并非名词从句，不能作宾语，(C)是问句形式，(D)结构错误.
4.
Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a
cheap way to make steel.
(A)
bridge-building
(B)
building of bridges
(C)
building a bridge
(D)
bridges are built
答案：A
测试点：定语.
分析：materials是名词，前面要用形容词性的词来修饰它．(A)是分词，可作定语．(B)是动名词短语；(C)是动宾结构；(D)是句子；均不可作定语.
5.
---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A)
Contrary to general belief
(B)
General belief contrary to
(C)
Belief contrary to general
(D)
Contrary belief general to
答案：A
测试点：习语.
分析：contrary to+名词是．固定短语，表示“与……相反”，故选(A).
6.
Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate,
---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.
(A)
Barbara Jordan’s campaign being
(B)
Barbara Jordan campaigned
(C)
Campaigning for Barbara Jordan
(D)
Barbara Jordan campaigning
答案：B
测试点：复合句。
分析：Two years after引导的是时间状语从句，故逗号之后应是主谓完整的主句，即(B)。其余三句均不是主谓结构.
7.
The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world
---their language.
(A)
are influenced
(B)
be influenced
(C) influencing
(D)
influence
答案：D
测试点：谓语.
分析：本句有主语但缺谓语，应在答案中选择能充当谓语的动词形式，即(D)．(A)是被动语态，与句意不合；(B)(C)不能单独作谓语.
8.
Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal
to the probability that it will not occur.
(A)
occurs
(B)
will occur
(C)
can occur
(D)
occurring
答案：D
测试点：动名词.
分析：’s是名词的所有格形式，后接名词性成份．答案(D)是动名词，可接在’s后，其余均不可。
9.
---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the
principle of capillary action.
(A)
All lamps early
(B)
Lamps all early
(C)
All early lamps
(D)
Early all lamps
答案：C
测试点：主语／词序.
分析：本句缺主语，应从答案中选择名词或名词组作主语．除(C)外，其余语序均错.
解题要点：指示性形容词all,many,some及any均应放在一般修饰性形容词前面.
10.
Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census
taker of the sky.”
(A) a
leading astronomer who
(B)
who, as a leading astronomer,
(C)
was a leading astronomer
(D) a
leading astronomer,
答案：D
测试点：同位语.
分析：主语后面用逗号隔开的部分，常常是主语的同位语．应在答案中选择说明主语身份的名词性成份，即(D)．(A)(B)后接从句；(C)多了动词.
11.
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a
runner, ---to the body.
(A)
the stress it is greater
(B)
greater is the stress
(C)
greater stress is
(D)
the greater the stress
答案：D
测试点：“the+比较级the+比较级”结构。
分析：看到the less…，应想到这是the+加比较级的句式。应在答案中选择相同的结构，即(D)the greater….
解题要点；此平列比较级句型是TOEFL常考题型，应注意两个比较的部分要结构相同.
12.
And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.
(A)
how
(B)
of
(C)
by which
(D)
for it
答案：C
测试点：介词+which结构.
分析：空格前后均为主谓完整的句子，说明这是复合句．主、从句中间应填入接两句的连词．(C) by which意为by the standard．(A)虽为连词，但意思不通．(B)为介词，(D)多主语it。
13.
Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United
States.
(A)
coolest
(B)
the coolest
(C)
cooler
(D)
the cooler
答案：C
测试点：比较级.
分析：以than为线索，推知句中用了比较级，句词weather前所缺为比较级形式的形容词．答案(C)是形容词比较级的正确形式．(A)(B)为最高级；(D)多了the.
14.
Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.
(A)
far too
(B)
far and
(C)
so far
(D)
as far as
答案：A
测试点：too…to…结构.
分析：这一结构也是TOEFL常考的题型．注意副词too前面可以用表示程度的词来修饰，如：far，much等.
15.
Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.
(A)
because
(B)
if
(C)
when
(D)
and
答案：D
测试点：连词。
分析：句中conducts…和burns…是并列的谓语，应在答案中选择表示并列关系的连词。即(D)(A)表示原因，(B)表示假设关系，(C)表示时间，句意均不通，而且这些连词引导的状语从句都缺了主语.
解题要点：在连词and连接的并列句中，如果主语为同一人或事物，第二句可省去此主语，直接连谓语动词.
16. The methods of spectrum
analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied.
答案：D
测试点：多词.
分析：过去分词studied作后置定语修饰region，其作用相当于定语从句省去which/that及系词be。这里的were应删掉。
17. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with
winds over seventy-five miles an hour who originate over
tropical ocean waters.
答案：C
测试点：从句连接词.
分析：who和which的用法．句中，定语从句修饰的是物而不是人，连接词不能用who，应用that或which.
解题要点：定语从句连接词who(人)和which(物)的错用也是TOEFL常考题型之一.
18. A great proportion of the
seeds of desert flora they possess germination-inhibiting substances.
答案：C
测试点：多词.
分析：possess为谓语动词，主语为前面的A great porportion，此处无需重复主语，they多余。
19. Window treatment, furniture arrangement
and color combine all contribute to the overall impression of a
room.
答案：B
测试点：词性／并列结构.
分析：看到and，要注意其两边成份是否同词性，同性质．and前是名词词组，而此处combine为动词，应为名词combination，与treatment和arrangement并列.
解题要点：当连接词and连接两项或更多项目时，应特别注意相连各成分的结构，词性相同.
20. Harvesting of grains is
affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of
moisture, but both.
答案：D
测试点：连词.
分析：此处不是转折的关系，而是选择，不能用but,应当用or．or both是固定说法.
21. Due to its excellent tensile
strength, acetate rayon is an important material for products so
as balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing.
答案：C
测试点：习语。
分析：看到紧接其后的耶，应想到这里要用such。Such as是固定短语。
解题要点；such as是TOEFL考题中常见的短语.
22.
It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their
natural environment, but they will reach a very old age if left
undisturbed by humans.
答案：A
测试点：缺词.
分析：how是副词，后面不能直接加名词．应为how many years.
23. A footnote is characteristically
employed to give information that is too long or too detailed
be included in the body of a text.
答案：D
测试点：too…to…的用法.
分析：看到前文的两个too,应立即注意后面是否有to…的部分．此处动词be前缺to.
24. Watercolors dry more
faster than other paints.
答案：C
测试点：比较级形式重复。
分析：遇到形容词或副词的比较级，应注意其比较形式是否重复。此处应去掉more.
25.
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with
rules for connecting or relating those objects.
答案：B
测试点：冠词.
分析：set是可数名词，它前面一定要有冠词．应为…a set(of)….
解题要点：TOEFL同类考题还有a group of，a series of, a blend of.
26. Alike most fruit trees,
the quince is normally propagated from shoots or cuttings.
答案：A
测试点：like和alike的用法.
分析：alike是副词或形容词，like才是介词，这里要用like.
解题要点：alike和like的用法是TOEFL常考题型。见到划线的alike，应立即注意是否用错。
27. A patent gives inventors
exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.
答案：C
测试点：词性.
分析：fix是动词，这里要用形容词fixed修饰名词period.
28. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously
unknown small mammal was found onto a Navaho reservation in
Arizona.
答案：D
测试点：介词.
分析：onto表示动作，而表示地点要用on．on the reservation是固定搭配.
29. The wild carrot, knew
as Queen Anne’s lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot in its
domesticated form.
答案：B
测试点：习语／分词.
分析：固定说法， known as是分词短语在句中作后置定语.
30. A statue, a monumental, a
building, or a park may be dedicated to commemorate a distinguished
individual.
答案：A
测试点：词性.
分析：冠词a后接名词，而monumental是形容词，应为monument.
解题要点：这里是由or连接的4个并列结构。or和and一样，要求所连接的部分同词性、同性质。
31. The Earth’s magnetic poles are
not stationary, but slowly shift its position.
答案：D 测试点：代词数的一致.
分析：此处代词指的是复数的poles，不能用单数的its，应为their，portion亦应相应改为复数.
32. A emotion is not
necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.
答案：A
测试点：冠词.
分析：a和an的用法以元音开头的名词前要用冠词an，不用a.
解题要点：注意划线的冠词a或an是否用错.
33. The elbows are joints
that connected people’s up arms with their forearms.
答案：D
测试点：词性.
分析：up是副词，此处应用形容词upper.
34. Ants have an elaborate structure
social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of most
insects.
答案：B
测试点：词序。
分析：单个的形容词修饰名词时，应放在名词前。此处应为social structure。
解题要点；形容词定语及其修饰的名词前后词序颠倒是TOEFL常考题型．应注意划线的名词+形容词的错误形式.
35. Municipal planners deal chiefly
for the physical layout of communities.
答案：B
测试点：习语.
分析：Deal with是固定短语.
36. A musician with multiply talents,
Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are unusually consistent
in style and content.
答案：A
测试点：词性.
分析：multiply是动词，此处需用形容词修饰名词talents．应为multiple.
37. Whether a healthy adult tends
to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of
physiology and of culture.
答案：D
测试点：词性.
分析：冠词a后应接名词，而daily为形容词或副词．应为day.
38. One of the most distinction dialects
of North American English, Gullah is spoken by many people in the South
Carolina area.
答案：A
测试点：词性。
分析：distinction是名词，此处应用形容词distinctive。
解题要点；看到most，应想到其后可能是形容词或副词.
39. The novels of John Cheever belongs
to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily
with manners.
答案：A
测试点：主谓数的一致.
分析：主语是复数的novels,谓语动词不能用第三人称单数形式．应为belong.
40. Pennsylvania has the most institutions
of higher learning than any other state has.
答案：A 测试点：比较级.
分析：后文有关键词than，可知此处应是比较级而非最高级．应为more.
解题要点：形容词或副词的比较级和最高级错用是TOEFL常考题型.
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