Prediksi soal TOEFL bagian Structure tahun 2022 (Part 12) + Kunci Jawaban

1. In the textile industry, the term “gunny” refers to ---burlap that is not of the best quality.

(A) not expensive a

(B) expensive, not

(C) not an expensive

(D) an inexpensive

 

答案：D

测试点：定语间序.

分析：短语refer to后面应接名词宾语(burlap，麻布)，此名词前缺冠词及形容词． (A)及(C)否定词序是错误的。(B)expensive为形容词，不能作宾语。

 

2. The skyscraper, ---,is an architectural form that originated in the United States.

(A) is a tall commercial structure

(B) a tall commercial structure

(C) a tall commercial structure which

(D) of which a tall commercial structure

 

答案：B

测试点：同位语.

分析：位于主语和系动词之间，两边用逗号隔开的成份，一般是后置定语或同位语．答案中(B)是名词性结构，可作同位语，故选(B)．(A)多了动词；(C)(D)含从句成份.

解题要点：这是典型的同位语考题．当主语与谓语之间有空格，且有逗号分隔，应首先考虑名词同位语结构.

 

3. --- were stones piled at intervals.

(A) The earliest road markers

(B) The earliest road markers, which

(C) Road markers were the earliest

(D) Until the earliest road markers

 

答案：A

测试点：主语.

分析：本句有系动词而缺主语，应在答案中选名词性的词组，即(A).

 

4. Some procedures used for laboratory analysis of archaeological specimens are --- procedures conducted in crime laboratories.

(A) resemble

(B) similar to

(C) same as

(D) alike

 

答案：B

测试点；习语／表语。

分析：空格前为系动词are，所缺为表语。应在答案中选择形容词或名词性的成份。 (B)similar to是形容词短语，可作表语；其后可带procedures作介词宾语，故选(B)．(A)是动词；(C)前缺冠词the；(D)alike是形容词，只能作表语，不能带宾语.

 

5. The windmill, which has been used for hundreds of years to pump water and grind grains, --- redesigned to produce electricity.

(A) it is now being

(B) it now can

(C) is now being

(D) now being

 

答案：C

测试点：谓语／被动语态.

分析：本句有主语但谓语不完全，应选择能与redesigned组成完整谓语的答案．(C)可与redesigned构成被动语态，故选(C)．(A)重复主语；(B)重复主语且can后应接动词原形；(D)不是谓语形式。

解题要点；此句含有一冗长的非限定性定语从句，可忽略不读。

 

6. In 1938, when Benny Goodman’s orchestra presented a concert at the prestigious Carnegie Hall, --- was clear that jazz had at last been fully accepted.

(A) There

(B) Which

(C) And

(D) It

 

答案：D

测试点：形式主语.

分析：句子所缺为主语，空格后为系动词+形容词+that从句，说明that从句不是宾语或定语从句，而是句子真正的主语，所缺为形式主语．故选(D)it.

 

7. --- a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents are islands in the strictest sense of the word.

(A) The form of the oceans

(B) Since the oceans form

(C) To form the oceans

(D) That the oceans form

 

答案：B

测试点：状语从句。

分析：逗号后为主句，逗号前为状语从句。从句连接词、主谓语均缺，应在答案中选择连接词+主语+动词的形式，即(B)、(D)．(D)That在句首为主语从句的形式，而句中所缺为状语从句，故选(B)。

 

8. The spiral threads of a spider’s web have a sticky substance on them --- insects.

(A) traps

(B) trap its

(C) which traps

(D) which it traps

 

答案：C

测试点：主谓结构.

分析：空格前为完整的句子，后接为定语从句修饰substance．从句主、谓语均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(C)．(A)(B)缺主语；(D)重复主语.

 

9. --- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States.

(A) Founded

(B) Founding

(C) To found

(D) Having founded

 

答案：A

测试点：分词短语.

分析：逗号后为句子，逗号前应为短语或从句．答案中无从句．根据句意，应选择(A)过去分词短语，其逻辑上的主语仍是后面句子的主语.

 

10. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ---, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.

(A) facially

(B) their faces

(C) having facial

(D) they had faces

 

答案：A

测试点；状语。

分析：修饰动词resembled需用副词作状语，(A)是副词。

 

11. The kettledrum produces different tones depending on whether --- with sticks that have felt or sponge heads.

(A) to strike

(B) when struck

(C) It is struck

(D) striking it

 

答案：C

测试点；主谓结构.

分析：whether引导的从句中主，谓语均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(C).

 

12. --- in the latter part of the fifteenth century as a substitute for richly embroidered tapestries.

(A) Wallpaper that originated

(B) The origination of wallpaper

(C) Originated the wallpaper

(D) Wallpaper originated

 

答案：D

测试点：主谓结构.

分析：本名主、谓均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(D)．(A)含从句成份；(B)无动词；(C)主谓颠倒.

 

13. --- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.

(A) Not until 1866

(B) Until 1866, just

(C) Until 1866

(D) In 1866, not until

 

答案：A

测试点；倒装句。

分析：本句主语位于助动词was与过去分词laid之间，句子用了倒装。应在答案中选择用于倒装句句首的副词，即(A)Not until.

解题要点；四个答案中如有Not until，应首先考虑．Not until+倒装句是TOEFL常考题型.

 

14. Many of the Zuni people in the southwestern United States earn their livelihoods and achieve --- as professional artists.

(A) considered them popular

(B) considerably popular

(C) considering their popularity

(D) considerable popularity

 

答案：D

测试点：宾语.

分析：及物动词achieve后应接宾语．应在答案中选择名词性的成分作宾语，即(D).

 

15. The flatter a hair appears under a microscope, --- wavier it is.

(A) although

(B) which

(C) and

(D) the

 

答案：D

测试点：：冠词／“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构.

分析：这是TOEFL题中常见的结构．看到句首的The flatter…，就应想到句中应存在另外一个the+形容词比较级的对称形式。空格后为比较级的waver，缺定冠词the,故选(D).

 

16. The word “shore” can be used rather of “coast”to mean the land bordering the sea

答案：B

测试点：习语.

分析：In stead of是固定短语，不用rather.

 

17. A radio telescope is an instrument that collects and measured faint radio waves given off by objects in space.

 

答案：C

测试点：并列结构/时态一致.

分析：连词and连接两个动词时，其时态应一致．and前为现在时的collects，and后也应用现在时measures，不用过去时.

 

18. The private satellite industry sprang up in the mid-1960’s to relay not only television broadcasts but too phone calls and computer data.

 

答案：D

测试点；近义词not only．．．but also的用法。

分析：考题中常见此结构被错用。看到not only，就应注意后文是否漏掉but also．too应为also，二词不能替换.

 

19. Yosemite National Park it has many spectacular natural attractions, including Yosemite Falls,One of the world’s highest waterfalls.

 

答案：A

测试点：多词.

分析：本句主语为Yosemite National Park，无需重复主语．it多余．解题要点：在TOEFL改错题中名词主语后面有时会现重复的代词.

 

20. During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins, beans, and tobacco.

 

答案：B

测试点：词形/习语.

分析：分词短语作定语修饰economy，其作用相当于从句that is based mainly on…，故应用过去分词based而不用basing。

解题要点；base的用法为TOEFL考。

 

21. Before the retina of the eye can be examined, the pupil must to be artificially dilated.

 

答案：D

测试点；情态动词.

分析：To be是不定式，而must后应接动词原形．to多余.

 

22. The most widely writer praised of the 1960’s in the United States was probably Joyce Carol Oates, who published many novels and short stories.

 

答案：A

测试点：词序.

分析：单个的分词修饰名词时，其作用相当于一个形容词，应放在名词前．应为…praised writer.

 

23. Unlike animals such as cows or horses, human beings are neither able to digest cellulose, the fibrous carbohydrate found in grass.

 

答案：C

测试点；否定词.

分析：neither…nor…应连用，但后文无nor的部分，可知neither用错，应为not．not否定系动词are。

 

24. At the age of 94, composer, conductor, arranger, and acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera Porgy and Bess, written in 1935.

 

答案：A

测试点；近义词／并列结构.

分析：and要求两边连接的成份同词性，同形式．and一边为三个表示身份的名词，另一边也应是名词．acting应为actress.

 

25. In 1987 the states of ice cream in the United States amounted to fifteen quarts per year for every persons in the country.

 

答案：D

测试点：数的一致.

分析：every要求它所修饰的名词是单数，persons应为person.

 

26. The type of precipitation is affected by electrical conditions, air temperature and the percentage of humid in the air.

 

答案：C

测试点：词性.

分析：of后应接名词性成分，而humid是形容词．应为humidity.

 

27. Almost destroy by fire in 1814, the White House was rebuilt and enlarged over the next three years.

 

答案：A

测试点：词形.

分析：destroy是动词原形，而此处应当用过去分词destroyed.

解题要点：如果划线的动词后接by+名词/代词，应考虑这个动词是否应为过去分词。

 

28. A flight recorder shows how aircraft systems behave by giving information such as a plane’s high, direction, and rate of descent.

 

答案：C

测试点：词性／并列结构.

分析：名词的所有格’s后应接名词性的成份，而high为形容词．从后文看，and要求它所连接的成份同词性，同形式，direction和rate都是名词，故high也应为height.

解题要点：记住以下单词的名词及其形容词形式：high-height、deep-depth、long-length.

 

29. It is not unusual for ballet dancers wear out more than one pair of toe shoes during an evening’s performance.

 

答案：A

测试点：形式主语／缺词.

分析：看到句首的形式主语it，应注意后文是否出现真正的主语to…或that…．此处删前漏掉to。

 

30. A fable is usually a short tale featuring animals or inanimate objects that can talk and think alike humans.

 

答案：D

测试点；like和alike的用法.

分析：这两个词常在考题中错用．alike是形容词或副词，后面不能接名词，like才是介词．解题要点：改错题中如出现划线的alike，应首先考虑它.

 

31. The “ashcan”school in American art being a rebellion against traditional subjects and favored the painting of back-street scenes.

 

答案：B

测试点：词形.

分析：动词的-ing形式是非谓语形式，不能单独作谓语或接表语．being应为was.

 

32. When a magnet is free suspended it becomes a compass.

 

答案：B

测试点：词性.

分析：free是形容词，而修饰动词suspended应当用副词．应为freely.

 

33. Susan Sontag’s aversion to the traditional critical practice of extracting morals meaning from art is reflected in her novels.

 

答案：B

测试点；词性／名词的数。

分析：moral既是形容词又是名词。形容词不可加s，而名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，也不用复数而用单数形式.

 

34. Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics, Chen Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the United States, Tsung-dao Lee.

 

答案：C

测试点：习语／介词.

分析：Share sth with sb，是固定短语，不用to.

 

35. Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held there by electromagnetic force.

 

答案：B

测试点：习语／词性.

分析：表示“靠近”的固定短语是close to，不用closely.

 

36. Its tremendous output of dairy products have earned the state of Wisconsin the title of America’s Dairyland.

 

答案：C

测试点：主谓数的一致.

分析：主语是单数的output，助动词也要与其一致，用单数形式has.

 

37. The early use of a complete steel frame for towering buildings appeared in the first skyscraper, built on Chicago in 1883.

 

答案：D

测试点；介词。

分析：城市名Chicago前应当用介词in，不用on。

 

38. Some cities have a fire regulations that requires people to put smoke detectors in their houses.

 

答案：A

测试点；数的一致.

分析：冠词a后面应接单数名词，应为regulation.

 

39. Since flounders have markings that blend with their surroundings, it can lie camouflaged on the bottom of the ocean.

 

答案：B

测试点：代词数的一致.

分析：代词的数应与所代名词一致．此处代词指代复数的flounders，不能用单数的it．应为they.

解题要点：注意划线代词的数与所代名词是否一致.

 

40. The determination of the path of Mars’s orbit in1609 became the unifying link among the two formerly separate realms of physics and astronomy.

 

答案：C

测试点：among和between的用法.

分析：考题中有时会出现这两个词相互用错．“两者之间”要用between，“三者(或三者以上)之间”才用among。后文是the two…，不能用among。应为between。